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Physiotherapy - How it works

The aim of physiotherapy is to help restore movement and normal body function in cases of illness, injury and disability.
Physiotherapists take a holistic approach, looking at the body as a whole rather than focusing on the individual factors of an injury or illness.
For example, back pain can be caused by a number of different things, including:
  • poor posture
  • inherited spinal deformity
  • bending or twisting awkwardly
  • overstretching
  • standing for long periods
  • lifting or carrying objects incorrectly
A physiotherapist will look at your individual situation. As well as treating the problem, they may also suggest things you can do on a daily basis to help relieve pain and discomfort.
For example, if you have lower back pain, maintaining good posture and doing core stability exercises to strengthen stomach and lower back muscles may help.

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Manual therapy techniques

Manual therapy involves using the hands to mobilise joints and soft tissues. It is suitable for most people and can be used to:
  • improve blood circulation
  • help fluid drain from parts of the body more efficiently
  • improve movement of different parts of the body
  • relieve pain and help relaxation
There is evidence to show manual therapy is beneficial in treating some types of musculoskeletal conditions, such as long-term  (where the pain lasts for longer than six weeks).

Other techniques

Other techniques that can help to ease pain and promote healing include:
  • acupuncture  fine needles are inserted into specific points of the body. Acupuncture may be used alongside other physiotherapy techniques to help reduce tissue inflammation and pain, and to promote recovery.
  • transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)  a TENS machine is a small, battery-operated machine that delivers an electric current to the affected area via two electrodes. The tingling sensation produced by the current can help block or suppress pain signals to your brain.
  • ultrasound  high-frequency sound waves can treat deep tissue injuries by stimulating blood circulation and cell activity. It is thought it can help reduce pain and muscle spasm, as well as speed up healing.
Scientific evidence to support the above treatments is limited. For example, there is not enough firm evidence to say for sure whether TENS is a reliable method of pain relief.
Some people have reported that TENS has been effective for them, but it seems to depend on the condition and the individual. TENS is not suitable for people with a  other type of electrical implant.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapists work with clients of all ages and with a wide range of health conditions. Whether it’s pain management and rehabilitation from an acute injury like a sprained ankle, or management of chronic conditions such as diabetes or heart disease, a physiotherapist can help. But physiotherapy is not limited to rehabilitation of injury and the effects of disease or disability. A physiotherapist also provides education and advice for health promotion, disease and injury prevention. 

Where physiotherapists work

Physiotherapists work in a broad range of settings providing client and/or population health interventions as well as management, educational, research and consultation services. Physiotherapy can be accessed in the community at private clinics and through home care services. Physiotherapy services are often affiliated with retirement residences and child development centres. If you are admitted to the hospital for surgery, such as a joint replacement or heart surgery, chances are likely that the physiotherapist was an important member of your health care team.

How physiotherapists assess

A physiotherapist will assess you using detailed history-taking as well as specific physical tests and measures, such as flexibility or range of motion. He or she will then analyze the assessment findings and use clinical reasoning to establish a diagnosis. Together, you will explore your current abilities and functional needs so the physiotherapist can plan treatments that are consistent with your goals and general health status, and which incorporate approaches and techniques supported by the best evidence available.

How physiotherapists treat

Physiotherapy treatments can include the following:
  • Personalized exercise programs designed to improve your strength, range of motion, and function
  • Massage
  • Joint mobilization and manipulation to reduce pain and stiffness
  • Hot and cold packs and modalities to relieve pain, reduce swelling, speed up the healing process, improve movement and function
  • Airway clearance methods to assist people with breathing difficulties
  • Skin and wound care
  • Management of incontinence including pelvic floor re-education
  • Functional activity and tolerance testing and training
  • Work and occupational re-training and return to work planning
  • Prescription, fabrication and application of assistive, adaptive, supportive and protective devices and equipment
  • Environmental change, focusing on removing barriers to function